By Babajide A. Martins Faleru | Freelance Writer | London School of Journalism, Alumni
It was disheartening to learn of the passing of a general and head of state who remained unwavering in his principles, dedicated to reforming Nigeria through a disciplined and conservative approach to fighting corruption.
On a solemn Sunday in July 2025, Nigeria mourned the loss of one of its most influential and enduring leaders—President Muhammadu Buhari. As news of his death spread across the country and beyond, citizens and observers paused to reflect on the complex and enduring legacy of a man whose name is indelibly etched into Nigeria’s political history. His story evokes memories of ambition, debate, and a tireless commitment to national renewal.
Early Life and Military Career
Born on December 17, 1942, in Daura, Katsina State, Muhammadu Buhari’s early life was marked by a strong sense of responsibility and discipline—traits that shaped his path in public service. He joined the Nigerian Army at a young age, launching a career that would see him rise through the ranks during turbulent times, including the Nigerian Civil War (1967–1970).
Buhari built a reputation for integrity and decisiveness, eventually leading to his emergence as a key figure in Nigeria’s military leadership. In December 1983, following a coup that ousted the civilian government, Buhari assumed power, citing corruption and mismanagement as reasons for the intervention.
First Term as Head of State (1983–1985)
Though brief, Buhari’s first leadership tenure was notable for its “War Against Indiscipline”—a campaign aimed at restoring civic order and curbing corruption. While remembered by many for its rigid policies—such as compulsory queues and severe punishments for corruption—it ignited national discourse on ethics and public accountability.
His government was overthrown in August 1985, and Buhari was imprisoned for several years. Yet, this period only cemented his image as a disciplined, if polarising, public figure.
Return to Democracy: Presidential Campaigns and Victory
With the return of democratic governance in 1999, Buhari transitioned from military ruler to democratic contender. Driven by a vision to combat corruption and insecurity, he ran for president in 2003, 2007, and 2011. Though unsuccessful, his persistent message of integrity resonated with many Nigerians, especially in the north.
In 2015, Buhari achieved a historic victory, defeating incumbent President Goodluck Jonathan. It marked the first peaceful transfer of power from one party to another in Nigeria’s history—a milestone for Nigerian democracy and a testament to Buhari’s enduring appeal.
Presidency (2015–2023): Commitments and Challenges
Buhari’s presidency, spanning two terms, focused on three central pillars: anti-corruption, security, and economic reform.
- The Fight Against Corruption
Corruption was the cornerstone of Buhari’s campaign and presidency. His administration empowered agencies like the EFCC, prosecuted prominent figures, and pursued stolen assets. While praised for reinvigorating anti-corruption efforts, critics argued the campaign sometimes targeted opposition figures disproportionately. Nonetheless, Buhari established a renewed national emphasis on transparency and accountability in public service. - Security and Counterinsurgency
Nigeria was in the grip of a Boko Haram insurgency when Buhari took office. Leveraging his military background, he prioritized reclaiming territory and restoring security. Under his leadership, many areas were recovered, and regional cooperation increased. Yet, insecurity persisted—with new threats including banditry, kidnappings, and farmer-herder clashes. His mixed approach, blending military action with dialogue and investment, drew both commendation and criticism. - Economic Reform and Growth
Buhari inherited a fragile economy plagued by declining oil revenues, high unemployment, and inflation. His administration sought to diversify the economy through agriculture, infrastructure, and social welfare programs. Initiatives like the Anchor Borrowers’ Programme and the Social Investment Programmes targeted grassroots empowerment.
Despite progress in agriculture and infrastructure, the economy suffered two recessions under his leadership. Critics pointed to slow growth and inflation, while supporters highlighted structural reforms with long-term potential.
Leadership Style and Personal Integrity
Buhari was widely regarded for his simplicity, personal discipline, and aversion to extravagance. His reserved demeanor was both admired and critiqued—seen by some as calm and principled, and by others as aloof.
Renowned for not amassing personal wealth, Buhari symbolized a rare kind of modesty in Nigerian leadership. His moral stance, whether in office or private life, became a point of pride for supporters who saw him as a contrast to more flamboyant figures in public life.
Legacy and National Reflection
Buhari’s passing offers Nigerians a moment of reflection on a leader who remained committed to confronting the nation’s deepest challenges. His legacy, while contested, is one of steadfastness—whether through his anti-corruption drive, his military-rooted focus on security, or his pursuit of social interventions.
He embodied a narrative of personal and national transformation, from military strongman to democratically elected president. His journey illustrates the tensions and triumphs of leadership in a diverse, dynamic, and demanding political landscape.
Commemoration and the Path Forward
As Nigeria mourns Buhari’s death, there is a shared resolve to honor his principles: integrity in leadership, endurance in adversity, and unity among Nigeria’s many communities. His life serves as a reminder that nation-building is a continuous task—requiring reflection, courage, and determination.
Ultimately, the full measure of Buhari’s legacy will depend on how future leaders build upon his foundation—learning from both his achievements and his missteps, while steering Nigeria toward the promise he long envisioned.
In this final chapter, Muhammadu Buhari leaves behind a nation marked by complexity, resilience, and hope. His name will endure—as a symbol of discipline, as a spark for reform, and as a reminder of what it means to lead with purpose. He lived a life and left a legacy that will not be forgotten.
Source by Babajide A. Martins Faleru. Freelance writer. London School of Journalism, Alumni.
